Lionel Richie And Irving Berlin - 1252 Words

Lionel Richie has a discography of albums and singles second to none and is part of the fabric of American pop music. In fact, Lionel Richie and Irving Berlin are the only two songwriters in history to achieve the honor of having #1 records for nine consecutive years. The real story behind Lionel is essentially the American dream. Lionel was born in Tuskegee Alabama. He lived in a small, isolated, predominantly African American community in the original home of Booker T. Washington. His family home is situated directly on the campus of what is now Tuskegee University and was previously The Tuskegee Institute, home the of the Tuskegee Airmen. Lionel’s grandmother, Adelaide Foster, a classical pianist, lived to be 102. His father,†¦show more content†¦He knew, however, that this act was the beginning of his stardom. This small pack of girls would turn into millions of screaming fans yelling not only his name, but also singing along with every one of his songs at ev ery one of his shows. Motown Records was founded in Detroit, Michigan by Berry Gordy, CEO and Chairman and was huge by 1971. Skip Miller was the Vice President of Motown University as Lionel jokingly calls it today. One night, Skip Miller walked into a club, saw The Commodores perform on stage and realized these kids had talent. Lionel, along with the rest of the group, was presented to Berry Gordy and given a record deal. This record label was prolific at the time because it had the most respected RB and soul acts of the era including The Supremes, Marvin Gaye, Smoky Robinson, Stevie Wonder, The Temptations, and The Jackson 5, who The Commodores would later tour with. As the opening act for The Jackson 5, The Commodores began the start of their international success. They released their first single, â€Å"Machine Gun† in 1974, which reached #7 on the US RB charts. The Commodores would go on have more singles that topped the charts including â€Å"Brick House†, â€Å"Just To Be Close To You†, â€Å"Too Hot Ta Trot†, Endless Love, just to list a few. Lionel Richie has countless albums, but he is also known as a Music Icon. International Superstar. 100 million albums sold worldwide.

Slavery And The Slavery Of Slavery Essay - 2080 Words

There has been an ongoing debate on whether Christianity condoned or condemned slavery. In this essay, I will discuss how slave owners used biblical context to uphold the institution of slavery. I will begin analyzing scriptures in the bible that pertain to slavery. It is in my belief that the Bible did not condone slavery in the way that slave owners upheld slavery. I do not argue against that there were not slaves by bondage but they were not enslaved against their will but through the will of God. Before I begin dissecting any arguments or scriptures I must tell how the people of Africa lived before the slave trade and how the African people became enslaved through the Atlantic slave trade. It was in 1441 that the Europeans began trading slaves from Africa to Portugal. The Portuguese would eventually dominate the gold, spice and slave trade for almost a century before any other nations became greatly involved. African societies played a key role in the slave trade. Slavery was very common amongst the different ethnicities in Africa. In Africa, there were three types of slaves, those who were slaves through conquest, those who were slaves due to unpaid, debts, or those whose parents gave them as slaves to tribal chiefs. The tribal chiefs would then trade their slaves to Europeans in return for rum spices and cloth. Many people question why would other Africans would sell other Africans into slavery. The answer is ethnocentrism. Many african tribes did not view otherShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery933 Words   |  4 Pages Slavery, up to this point has progressively gotten weaker. In 1787 slavery is made illegal in the northwest territory. In 1793 Eli Whitney made the cotton gin making the demand for slaves increase. In 1820 the missouri compromise was written to ban slavery in all states above the northern missouri border. In the year 1831 Preacher Nat Turner starts a rebellion that is known to be the largest slave uprising in American History. also that year William Lloyd Garrison started publishing the LiberatorRead MoreSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesto resist their masters, and the institution of slavery in a subtle or a suicidal way. The visions of freedom varied throughout time periods and regions; in 1739, you have the Stono Rebellion, people used laws to argue their cases of injustice, such as Emanuel Pieterson and Dorothy Angola, who fought for the freedom of their child and David Walker, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacob who used literature to speak against the institution of slavery. Another aspect was that freedom had a differentRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery944 Wor ds   |  4 Pagescondemn slavery. The South also used religion as their argument, but instead, they used the Bible to argue that slavery was an acceptable part of life. People have questioned whether it was right or wrong of the South to use the bible to support their beliefs in slavery. Some would say that pro-slavery southerners had every right to use the Bible to support their beliefs. When Northerners began to use the Bible against slavery, southerners used this same argument to support it. Slavery was a practiceRead MoreSlavery : Slavery And Slavery901 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America started in 1619 when settlers brought over African Americans to Jamestown, Virginia. The slaves came to Jamestown to work on the tobacco plantations. The slaves were also sent to other colonies such as South Carolina to work on the cotton plantations. Slaves were people who worked for no pay. This caused the land owners to make more profit from their plantations because they didn’t have to pay their workers. Southern slave owners, specifically in South Carolina, relied on slaveryRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery1505 Words   |  7 Pagessix to seven billion enslaved Africans were brought to the American shore (Slavery). Life as an enslaved African was more than tough, it was appalling. Slaves were prohibited from becoming literate, they were restricted in e very aspect, whether it was in movement or behavior, and they were punished severely. Slave masters â€Å"took sexual liberties† with enslaved women, which was thought to be a tactic to procreate slaves (Slavery). According to that interpretation, slave masters were fueled to procreateRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery889 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Slaves suffered within a system characterized by undernourishment, overwork, harsh punishment, ill health, and despair. The purpose of this paper is to address the significant problems slavery caused the world in which talk of rights and liberties were increasingly popularized. Slavery divested lives of many African Americans who were sold into enslavement for many years. The Start of Slavery Slavery began when the African American people were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. HundredsRead MoreSlavery And The Black Slavery1534 Words   |  7 PagesFROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM CHAPTERS 4, 5 and 6 Chapter 4 Slave Societies in this chapter mean people with similar characteristics who lived together in a well or less organized community. Slave societies in eighteenth -century were common in North America in New England, the Mid-Atlantic and the Lower Mississippi Valley. The black slavery experience was not unique, that is not the same in these areas, was influenced by local conditions, nation of the colonizers, composition of men and women, statisticalRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages This was the period of post-slavery, early twentieth century, in southern United States where blacks were still treated by whites inhumanly and cruelly, even after the abolition laws of slavery of 1863. They were still named as ‘color’. Nothing much changed in African-American’s lives, though the laws of abolition of slavery were made, because now the slavery system became a way of life. The system was accepted as destiny. So the whites also got license to take disadvantages and started exploitingRead MoreReparations For Slavery : Slavery1218 Words   |  5 Pages Reparations for Slavery? Harriet Tubman once said, â€Å"Now I ve been free, I know what a dreadful condition slavery is. I have seen hundreds of escaped slaves, but I never saw one who was willing to go back and be a slave.† What is a reparation? A reparation is the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. The biggest question of time is should African Americans receive payments for slavery? Many people would say yes withRead MoreSlavery Is Not Extinct : Slavery1904 Words   |  8 PagesMarch, 2016 Slavery Is Not Extinct Slavery, the keeping of slaves as a practice or institution, has held a grim but important role in America’s history. Since the founding of the United States, slavery has been a moral and human rights issue that citizens have argued over to the point of war. To most Americans, the day slavery ended was January 1st, 1863-the day President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation and freed all slaves within America’s borders. However slavery never did end-and

Auditing and Professional Practice Cash Flow Statement - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Professional Practice for Cash Flow Statement. Answer: Introduction This assignment is based on the subject of Auditing. The discussion, evaluation and analysis in the assignment focus on three different scenarios. The first scenario states about the case study of Bolts Ltd and the assignment tries to identify the threats that may occur due to non-maintenance of fundamental principles of auditing properly. At the same time, in the analysis of Bolts Ltds case, the assignment also tries to find out the fundamental principles that the company has not followed properly. In case of the second scenario, the discussion is carried on the accounting decision-making models. On the other side, in the analysis of the third scenario, the case study of Peak Sawmill Limited is used and the study tries to evaluate the key assertions that are at risk in relation to the accounts payable of the company. At the end of the assignment, a conclusion is derived by combining the overall findings of the study. Scenario One: Identifying the threats to compliance with fundamental principles resulting from the discussion with CEO and the fundamental principles that are breached As per the given scenario, the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) at Bolts Ltd is more willing to focus on the profitability and the future benefits of the acquisition of Steel Pty Ltd. Along with that, the CFO of the company also suggested to avoid the issues in the cash flow statements of Steel Pty Ltd. However, this type of avoidance may cause different threats in compliance with the basic or fundamental principles of auditing. Two possible threats are as under: Bias report: The report that will be prepared as per the discussion with the CFO of Bolts Ltd, then there is huge chance of producing bias audit report. The cash flow statement is one of the most important financial statements of a company (Elliott, Fanning and Peecher 2016). The cash flow statement discloses the capacity of the company to generate cash in particular financial year and if any mismatch takes place in the cash flow statement, then it indicates that the company has done some mistake intentionally or unintentionally (Fuchs et al. 2015). Therefore, while auditing it is very important to review the cash flow statement. If the audit report is prepared by ignoring the cash flow, then that report will be bias and so the decision taken by the management based on that biased report, will be wrong (Islam 2015). Hence, if the auditing is done as per the discussion with CFO, then there is high chance that the acquisition of Steel Pty Ltd can be a wrong decision. Future controversy: If the auditing is done as per the discussion with the CFO of Bolts Ltd, then the auditing will be inaccurate. The inaccurate auditing may cause controversy in the near future and if it is identified by the external governing authority, then the company as well as the auditor will be charged for paying the penalty (Power and Gendron 2015). The fundamental principles that are as risk of being breached are as under: The principle of objectivity is at risk of being breached. The principle suggests avoiding biasness while auditing (Griffith, Kadous and Young 2015). The principle of professional competence and due care is also at risk of being breached. According to this principle, the auditors need to maintain the professional skill and knowledge so that the professional service to the clients or companies can be maintained (Brown-Liburd, Issa and Lombardi 2015). At the same time, the auditors also require to follow the legislations, techniques and practice in order to provide care to the company or client. Scenario Two: a. Identifying the perfect action that Luke should take According to the American Accounting Association Decision-making Model, the audit firm or the auditors are needed to follow seven steps while taking any decision (Kothari, Mizik and Roychowdhury 2015). The model suggests taking ethical decision while auditing the financial reports of the companies (Cao, Chychyla and Stewart 2015). In case of Luke, he identified that the work done by Zane is right as per the rules, regulations and auditing principles. At the same time, Luke also realized that the work done by Zane indicates the high level work efficiency and knowledge. Apart from that, Luke also understood that the client has misled the manager because the client had personality conflicts with Zane. Luke knows that this type of attitude from the clients end is not ethical. However, the next assignment is also very important for Luke because his promotion to the audit supervisor post depends on that assignment. Due to this, anyhow, he wants to get the assignment. In this situation, Luke can take decision by following the seven steps suggested by American Accounting Association Model. If Luke works through this particular model, then the followings can be identified: Step 1 Establishing the facts: In the situation of Luke, it is the fact that the work quality of Zane is better than Luke because Zane has identified such issues, which might be impossible for Luke to identify. Another fact is the position of audit supervisor is very important to Luke. The third fact is the client had personality conflict with Zane. Step 2 Identifying ethical issues: Luke can copy the working plan that Zane had followed in the previous one (Griffin and Wright 2015). Luke may influence the audit manager for providing the next audit assignment because Luke understood that the previous client was not happy with Zane. Step 3 Identifying the norms, principles and values: The auditing principles suggest identifying each possible issue in the financial statements or reports of the companies (Ferris et al. 2015). At the same time, in order to follow the auditing norms, Luke needs to prepare the proper audit plan. He can tests the financial reports suddenly or can do sampling testing or can test by gathering the data. Luke also identifies that misleading the audit manager regarding Zane is not a professional behavior and his values do not permit this type of behavior. Step 4 - Identifying each alternative course of action: As the alternative action, Luke can inform the best points in Zanes work and can tell about the personality conflicts between Zane and the client. Luke has another option that he can show his positive points and try to influence the audit manager by not disclosing the best points in Zanes work. The third alternative is Luke can learn from Zanes work and improve his own quality so that he can compete with Zane. Step 5 Verifying the alternatives with the principles, norms and values: If the above alternatives are verified with the principles, norms and values, then it can be identified that the first and third point is ethical and do not break the principles, values and norms. Step 6 Identifying the consequences: If the first alternative decision is considered then it is more possible that Zane will get the assignment as her efficiency is high. However, if the third alternative is considered then there is a chance that the Audit manager will also consider Luke as a deserving candidate. Step 7 Taking final decision: The above two alternatives are indicating two different consequences and between two consequences, the second consequence is better than the first. Therefore, it will be better for Luke if he learns from the previous work of Zane and improves his quality of work. At the same time, Luke should not influence the audit manager against Zane as that will be unethical and against his values. Hence, Luke should try to get the next audit assignment by maintaining work ethics and professional behavior. b. Identifying the difference between the decisions taken by Luke and the decision that could be taken by using the Mary Guy model As per the Mary Guy decision-making model, there are six steps that the auditors or audit firms need to follow in order to take ethical decision (Helin and Babri 2015). The steps include the followings: Identifying and defining the problem Determining the target or goal Lists all possible solutions (Gaynor et al. 2015) Evaluating each alternative to identify which is meeting the requirements in best way Determining the course of action that can help to achieve the desired target within the possible constraints Making the commitment to choose the course of action and implementing the same (Samsonova-Taddei and Siddiqui 2015) Therefore, in the above it can be identified that the steps in Mary Guy decision-making model are different than the previous decision-making model that is American Accounting Association Model to some extent (Burke and Tomlinson 2016). However, both of these two decision-making models suggest taking the ethical decision. In case of Luke, it is also needed that the decision is taken on the ethical ground and the suggested decision shows the ethical point (Schultz and Tran 2015). Therefore, there will be no difference in the decision of Luke if he uses the Mary Guy decision-making model. Scenario Three: a. List of two key assertions at risk in relation to accounts payable As per the case study of Peak Sawmill Limited, the accounts payable personnel are facing problem due to slow movement of the management regarding the distribution of information about price negotiation. At the same time, it has also been identified that the number of days to pay back the creditors has been decreased significantly in the current accounting period from the average number of days of accounts payable. These indicate that there are some problems or issues in the company for which the significant changes happened in the company. However, due to these, some key assertions of financial statements are at risks in relation to the accounts payables. Two key assertions are stated below: Completeness: The auditor needs to identify and provide the opinion about the completeness of the financial transactions of the company (Mock and Fukukawa 2015). In case of Peak Sawmill Limited, it can be identified that the number of days have been decreased in current accounting period but the accurate reasons behind the decrease have not been mentioned. At the same time, the accounts payable personnel were not properly informed about the changes in the prices. Therefore, the assertion of completeness is at risk. Accuracy: The auditors are also required to identify whether the financial statements of the company are accurate or not. In case of the company Peak Sawmill Limited, it has been identified that the reconciliation statement of account payables shows that in the invoices of five major suppliers, the pricing is not correct and at the same time, some invoices have kept in hold. Therefore, the accuracy assertion of the financial statements is at risk. b. Justification for each assertion In the above, it has been identified that the assertions of completeness and accuracy of the financial statements of Peak Sawmill Limited are at risk. The completeness assertion of financial statement is at risk because the number of days of accounts payables has declined significantly in the current year, which is not usual. At the same time, the accounts payable personnel of the company has also complained that the management does not provide the information regarding the changes in the price of the logs within the required time. Along with that, it has also identified that that the some of the invoices of five major suppliers have not been considered during the reconciliation of the accounts payable account. Therefore, it is very clear that the calculation for the payment of the suppliers has not been done accurately. At the same time, it can also be said that the calculations done by the account payable personnel are not complete because many entries they kept on hold. Therefore, it can be said that the accuracy and completeness assertions of financial statements are at risk. c. Substantive test for each assertion It has been identified that the financial statements of Peak Sawmill Limited are having the completeness and accuracy assertion risks. However, in order to conduct proper audit, it is very much important to run a substantive test for each of the assertion risk (Sridharan 2015). The substantive tests to collect the appropriate evidence of audit are stated below: In order to collect the proper audit evidence regarding the completeness assertion risk the substantive test can be done by contacting the suppliers of the company that is Peak Sawmill Limited (Filipovi, Kremslehner and Muermann 2015). If the suppliers of the company are contacted by the auditors then it can be identified that whether there is any differences between the calculations of the suppliers and Peak Sawmill Limited or not. At the same time, it is also important to identify how much difference is there between the calculations of two parties (Jackson 2016). Along with that, the auditor can ask different questions to the suppliers in order to verify the payment calculations done by them. At the same time, the auditors can ask different questions and justification from each of the account payable personnel in order to verify the financial statements of the company. Therefore, it will be easier for the auditor to identify whether the companys personnel have included all of the entries in the books of accounts of the company or there are some mistakes. On the other side, in order to collect the appropriate evidence for audit of the accuracy assertion risk of Peak Sawmill Limited, the detailed-analysis procedure can be adopted. This procedure is bit time consuming but the chances of collecting proper data and evidence are more (Warren Jr, Moffitt and Byrnes 2015). In this particular audit data collected procedure, the auditor needs to ask for all of the financial statements along with the supportive documents from the accounts payable personnel at the company. After collecting the documents and financial statements, the auditor needs to analyze and compare each of the entry made by the accounts payable personnel in the financial statements. This type of substantive test can provide the detail information of each entry (Sridharan 2015). Therefore, the auditor can easily identify how much the calculations in the financial statements are correct in respect to the accounts payable of the company. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that in order to verify the completeness assertion risks, the auditor can use the question answer technique with the suppliers. On the other hand, to verify the accuracy assertion risk, the auditor can apply the data collection from the companys personnel technique. Conclusion: In this study, it has been identified that cash flow statement is one of the most important financial statements for auditing. The cash flow statement provides the information regarding the cash transaction of the company and so if this statement is avoided at the time of auditing then the fundamental principles of auditing like, objectivity and professional competency and due care will be breached. On the other side, the American Accounting Association Model and Mary Guy model both suggest to take ethical decision at the time of auditing. In the last part of the study, it has been derived that the assertions of financial statements can be at risk if the proper information is not provided on time. Reference List: Brown-Liburd, H., Issa, H. and Lombardi, D., 2015. Behavioral implications of Big Data's impact on audit judgment and decision making and future research directions.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.451-468. Burke, R.J. and Tomlinson, E.C., 2016.Crime and corruption in organizations: Why it occurs and what to do about it. CRC Press. Cao, M., Chychyla, R. and Stewart, T., 2015. Big Data analytics in financial statement audits.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.423-429. Elliott, W.B., Fanning, K. and Peecher, M.E., 2016. Do Investors Value Financial Reporting Quality Beyond Estimated Fundamental Value? And, Can Better Audit Reports Unlock This Value?. Ferris, R.L., Baloch, Z., Bernet, V., Chen, A., Fahey III, T.J., Ganly, I., Hodak, S.P., Kebebew, E., Patel, K.N., Shaha, A. and Steward, D.L., 2015. American thyroid association statement on surgical application of molecular profiling for thyroid nodules: current impact on perioperative decision making.Thyroid,25(7), pp.760-768. Filipovi, D., Kremslehner, R. and Muermann, A., 2015. Optimal investment and premium policies under risk shifting and solvency regulation.Journal of Risk and Insurance,82(2), pp.261-288. Fuchs, S., Bergmann, A., Rauskala, I. and Schmitt, A., 2015. Public Sector Accounting and Auditing in Switzerland. InPublic Sector Accounting and Auditing in Europe(pp. 204-218). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Gaynor, G.B., Janvrin, D.J., Pittman, M.K., Pevzner, M.B. and White, L.F., 2015. Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on IESBA Consultation Paper: Improving the Structure of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,9(1), pp.C12-C17. Griffin, P.A. and Wright, A.M., 2015. Commentaries on Big Data's importance for accounting and auditing.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.377-379. Griffith, E.E., Kadous, K. and Young, D., 2015. How Insights from the New JDM Research Can Improve Auditor Judgment: Fundamental Research Questions and Methodological Advice.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(2), pp.1-22. Helin, S. and Babri, M., 2015. Travelling with a code of ethics: a contextual study of a Swedish MNC auditing a Chinese supplier.Journal of Cleaner Production,107, pp.41-53. Islam, M.A., 2015. Overview. InSocial Compliance Accounting(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Jackson, G.T., 2016. The Auditor's Sampling Decision in The Presence of Redundant Internal Controls.Journal of Accounting and Finance,16(3), p.88. Kothari, S.P., Mizik, N. and Roychowdhury, S., 2015. Managing for the moment: The role of earnings management via real activities versus accruals in SEO valuation.The Accounting Review,91(2), pp.559-586. Mock, T.J. and Fukukawa, H., 2015. Auditors' Risk Assessments: The Effects of Elicitation Approach and Assertion Framing.Behavioral Research in Accounting. Power, M.K. and Gendron, Y., 2015. Qualitative research in auditing: A methodological roadmap.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(2), pp.147-165. Samsonova-Taddei, A. and Siddiqui, J., 2015. Regulation and the Promotion of Audit Ethics: Analysis of the Content of the EUs Policy.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-13. Schultz, O. and Tran, D., 2015. Business ethics and the influence on the development of intellectual capital: A study of the auditing profession. Sridharan, S.A., 2015. Volatility forecasting using financial statement information.The Accounting Review,90(5), pp.2079-2106. Warren Jr, J.D., Moffitt, K.C. and Byrnes, P., 2015. How Big Data will change accounting.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.397-407.

The Lottery Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The Lottery Persuasive Essay The Lottery, a short story written by Shirley Jackson, is a tale of disturbing evilness. The setting is a small village consisting of about 300 residents. On June 27th of every year the members of the community hold a village-wide lottery in which everyone is expected to participate. Throughout the story the reader gets an odd feeling regarding the residents. Although they are gathering for a lottery drawing there is an air of nervousness about the event. From start to finish there is an overwhelming sense that something terrible is about to happen due to the authors in depth use of foreshadowing. The first hint that something strange is happeningis brought to our attention in the second paragraph. After Jackson describes the summer morning, she alludes tothe children gathering in the Village Square, but they areacting quite strange. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followedhis exampleeventually made a great pile of stones in onecor ner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys (Text, 782). The first question we mustask is why are the boys piling stones up in the village square? At the very least we know that the stones willplay an important role in the final outcome. Each following paragraph contains subtle clues asto what is going to unfold. After all of the children have gathered the men begin to fill the square, followed by all of the women. They stood together, away from thepile of stones in the corner (Text, 783). The fact thatthe stood away from the stones, again, informs the readerthat the stones play some sinister role. Nervousness amongst the people is evident due to the childrens reluctance to join their parents standing in the square. We will write a custom essay on The Lottery Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At this point in the story the reader should have a feeling that the lottery being described isnt going to have a pleasant outcome for someone in the population. One particular line on page 784, in the lastparagraph, gives the reader direction in realizing the lottery payoff. The narrator describes Mrs. Hutchinsons entrance saying, She tapped Mrs. Delacroix on the arm as a farewell and began to make her way through the crowd. The word farewell is used as foreshadowing to the climax of the story. Normally when a person enters a crowd of people they are greeted, but not Mrs. Hutchinson for she is obviously leaving. Nearer the climax the hints of foreshadowing almost give away the secret. Old Man Warner says, Bad enough to seeyoung Joe Summers up there joking with everybody (Text, 786), thus indicating that the lottery was no jokingmatter. It is obviously going to make a major impact on somebodys life. The people knew that every year there wasgoing to be a lottery, and they maintained a sense of humor to accompany their disgruntlement. Engaging in the drawing was a necessity to them, and for reasons not discussed, they accepted it.Another reference to the seriousness of the occasion is described when Mr. Summers (the lotteryofficial) says, Well nowguess we better get started, get this over with, so we can get back to work. Anybody aint here? (Text, 785). Once again it doesnt sound like the people involved are too anxious to find outwho will be the lucky winner. When Mr. Summers begins calling names, the residents nervously present themselves,unaware of their destiny, to pull slips of paper out o f the little black lottery box. Nobody is to look at their slip of paper until all of the members of the village haddrawn. This action adds suspense to the story. .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 , .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .postImageUrl , .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 , .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627:hover , .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627:visited , .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627:active { border:0!important; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627:active , .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627 .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04860b18108697bab0c75ff7d3743627:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social Work in Canada EssayThe reader will not know what is about to happen until the very end of the story unless they have picked up onJacksons strong use of foreshadowing. The story finally begins to unfold as everyone examines the individual slips. For a minute, no one moved, and then all the slips of paper were opened. Suddenly, all the women began to speakat once, saying, Who is it?Bill Hutchinsons got it' (Text, 787). Doomsday is upon the Hutchinsons, and the Missus is screaming The Lottery Persuasive Essay Example For Students The Lottery Persuasive Essay In the days of Jesus through the mid 1900s, people had many different superstitions, or beliefs, about life. People believed if they were to do certain things, they would have good luck. Like Indians used to do a dance, called the Indian rain dance, when they wanted it to rain so it would help their crops or even their heritage. It was a dance people still believe in today, but those people dont know that the reason they said it worked was because the Indians didnt quit dancing until it rained. There are many superstitions in todays time as well. I know that in the game of baseball many different players have different superstitions. Just like David Wells, when he used to pitch for the New York Yankees, believed if he listened to Metallica before every game he pitched he would have a good game. But regardless if David Wells listened to Metallica or not, he would still pitch the same if he didnt listen to them. All I am saying is that Shirley Jackson, when she wrote The Lottery, in 19 48, was trying to show everyone about the different superstitions, or beliefs, each culture, town, or village had and how bad they were. Even the kids in the village got ready for the lottery, it didnt faze them, and all they knew was that it was just an event that happened every year. After all, villages, tribes, or cultures have many different traditions they all tend to put their full trust in. We will write a custom essay on The Lottery Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The lottery is a drawing that takes place on June 27th of every year, right before the crop season. Everyone who lives in the village, even the children, draws a piece of paper from the black box and doesnt look at it until everyone draws theirs. When everyone finishes drawing, you turn your piece of paper over and the one with the mark on in, which is marked with coal, is the one who wins the lottery. But if you this lottery it isnt a good thing. The person who wins the lottery, the one with the marked sheet of paper, gets stoned to death. The villagers believe that if they have a lottery before cropping season they will have a good season. This is one of those beliefs, or superstitions, they have that makes everyone think that everything is going to become good. According to Old Man Warner, who has been attending the lottery for seventy-seven years, towns would be crazy to give up the lottery. When Mr. Adams told Old Man Warner that the north village was talking about giving up the lottery, Old Man Warner snorted, Pack of crazy fools. Listening to young folks, nothings good enough for them. Old Man Warner believes in the lottery and thinks that if other villages give it up things would be bad. He also said Theres always been a lottery. This statement makes me think that this is the only reason they have one. Sometimes superstitions go on for such long periods of time and we do them so often, they become traditions, a have to. When Old Man Warner says the word always, I began to wonder if he even believes in the lottery, or is he thinking it works because they always have one. But if you are trying to decide if the lottery is a belief or a tradition, look at the examples I have given.Try and think about the meanings of each and make your decision.

Sisters free essay sample

Sisters have a bond that lasts their entire lives.They share every moment, from the most trivial to the most defining, of alifetime. My sister Tessa will always hold a special place in my heart, andnothing that may come our way can change that. My first memory of hersitting in a corner and drawing intently will never fade from my mind. My familyhad driven hours to the small, crowded orphanage to visit her. I can still seeher chubby little face, concentrating on the masterpiece she was working on whileother children raced around her. Adopting the three-year-old when I was seven wasone of the best things that has happened to me. Our first outing with herwas on a sultry day in monsoon season in Seoul, South Korea. The scents of freshrain and humid air are still in my mind. Sitting across from the tiny girl in acramped restaurant and watching her relish the Coke in front of her wasuncomfortable at first. We will write a custom essay sample on Sisters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Worries of her not fitting into our family raced throughmy mind. What if she didnt like me? What if she was unhappy in her new home?When would she learn to speak English? These thoughts seemed to be answered when,after polishing off two sodas, the little girl began to hold her stomach andwhimper. My mother swooned over her and patted her back while my fatherfrantically tried to find someone who could translate her rushed words. I knew atthat moment everything would somehow work out in our new family. Sincethat sticky afternoon, my sister and I have come to have a very closerelationship. Our days of living overseas were filled with memories that onlyTessa can understand. She reminisces with me about the business dinners with ourdad aboard floating restaurants at dusk in Hong Kong. If I forget where it wasthat we rode the baby elephants around the hotel, she reminds me that it wasThiamin. We laugh about the time I was bitten by a poisonous ant in Singapore;she had to hold my hand while the ancient doctor gave me a shot. We share thememories of the extensive traveling we have been fortunate toexperience. We have also shared the bitter times that many teenagersendure. If one of us makes a wrong choice, the other is there to give advice orhelp out. Tess and I have counted on each other many times to explain why one wassuspiciously late coming home from the movies. The secrets weve shared have todo with growing into women, and sometimes parents cannot know the exact path wetake. There is nothing I wouldnt do for my sister, and I know she feels thesame. We used to make secret pacts, but we now have an unspoken loyalty thatneither dares betray. Sometimes secrets and experiences create an unshakable bondthat nothing else can.

Introduction to the Agricola by Tacitus

Introduction to the Agricola by Tacitus Introduction | The Agricola | Translation Footnotes The Agricola of Tacitus. The Oxford Translation Revised, With Notes. With An Introduction by Edward Brooks, Jr. Very little is known concerning the life of Tacitus, the historian, except that which he tells us in his own writings and those incidents which are related to him by his contemporary, Pliny. The Date of the Birth of Tacitus His full name was Caius Cornelius Tacitus. The date of his birth can only be arrived at by conjecture, and then only approximately. The younger Pliny speaks of him as prope  modum aequales, about the same age. Pliny was born in 61. Tacitus, however, occupied the office of quaestor under Vespasian in 78 A.D., at which time he must, therefore, have been at least twenty-five years of age. This would fix the date of his birth not later than 53 A.D. It is probable, therefore, that Tacitus was Plinys senior by several years. Parentage His parentage is also a matter of pure conjecture. The name Cornelius was a common one among the Romans so from the name we can draw no inference. The fact that at an early age he occupied a prominent public office indicates that he was born of good family, and it is not impossible that his father was a certain Cornelius Tacitus, a Roman knight, who was procurator in Belgic Gaul, and whom the elder Pliny speaks of in his Natural History. Tacitus Upbringing Of the early life of Tacitus and the training which he underwent preparatory to those literary efforts which afterward rendered him a conspicuous figure among Roman literateurs we know absolutely nothing. Career Of the events of his life which transpired after he attained mans estate we know but little beyond that which he himself has recorded in his writings. He occupied a position of some eminence as a pleader at the Roman bar, and in 77 A.D. married the daughter of Julius Agricola, a humane and honorable citizen, who was at that time consul and was subsequently appointed the  governor of Britain. It is quite possible that this very advantageous alliance hastened his promotion to the office of quaestor under Vespasian. Under Domitian, in 88, Tacitus was appointed one of fifteen commissioners to preside at the celebration of the secular games. In the same year, he held the office of praetor  and was a member of one of the most select of the old priestly colleges, in which a prerequisite to membership was that a man should be born of a good family. Travels The following year he appears to have left Rome, and it is possible that he visited Germany and there obtained his knowledge and information respecting the manners and customs of its people which he makes the subject of his work known as the Germany.He did not return to Rome until 93, after an absence of four years, during which time his father-in-law died. Tacitus the Senator Sometime between the years 93 and 97 he was elected to the senate, and during this time witnessed the judicial murders of many of Romes best citizens which were perpetrated under the reign of Nero. Being himself a senator, he felt that he was not entirely guiltless of the crimes which were committed, and in his Agricola we find him giving expression to this feeling in the following words: Our own hands dragged Helvidius to prison; ourselves were tortured with the spectacle of Mauricus and Rusticus, and sprinkled with the innocent blood of Senecio. In 97 he was elected to the consulship as successor to Virginius Rufus, who died during his term of office and at whose funeral Tacitus delivered an oration in such a manner to cause Pliny to say, The good fortune of Virginius was crowned by having the most eloquent of panegyrists. Tacitus and Pliny as Prosecutors In 99 Tacitus was appointed by the senate, together with Pliny, to conduct the prosecution against a great political offender, Marius Priscus, who, as proconsul of Africa, had corruptly mismanaged the affairs of his province. We have his associates testimony that Tacitus made a most eloquent and dignified reply to the arguments which were urged on the part of the defense. The prosecution was successful, and both Pliny and Tacitus were awarded a vote of thanks by the senate for their eminent and effectual efforts in the management of the case. Date of Death The exact date of Tacituss death is not known, but in his Annals he seems to hint at the successful extension of the Emperor Trajans eastern campaigns during the years 115 to 117  so that it is probable that he lived until the year 117. Renown Tacitus had a widespread reputation during his lifetime. On one occasion it is related of him that as he sat in the circus at the celebration of some games, a Roman knight asked him whether he was from Italy or the provinces. Tacitus answered, You know me from your reading, to which the knight quickly replied, Are you then Tacitus or Pliny?It is also worthy of notice that the Emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus, who reigned during the third century, claimed to be descended from the historian, and directed that ten copies of his works should be published every year and placed in the public libraries. The Works of Tacitus The list of the extant works of Tacitus is as follows: the Germany; the Life of Agricola; the Dialogue on Orators; the Histories, and the Annals. On the Translations Germany The following pages contain translations of the first two of these works. The Germany, the full title of which is Concerning the situation, manners, and inhabitants of Germany, contains little of value from a historical standpoint. It describes with vividness the fierce and independent spirit of the German nations, with many suggestions as to the dangers in which the empire stood of these people. The Agricola is a biographical sketch of the writers father-in-law, who, as has been said, was a distinguished man and governor of Britain. It is one of the authors earliest works and was probably written shortly after the death of Domitian, in 96. This work, short as it is, has always been considered an admirable specimen of a  biography on account of its grace and dignity of expression. Whatever else it may be, it is a graceful and affectionate tribute to an upright and excellent man. Dialogue on Orators The Dialogue on Orators treats of the decay of eloquence under the empire. It is in the form of a dialogue  and represents two eminent members of the Roman bar discussing the change for the worse that had taken place in the early education of the Roman youth. Histories The Histories relate the events which transpired in Rome, beginning with the accession of Galba, in 68, and ending with the reign of Domitian, in 97. Only four books and a fragment of a fifth have been preserved to us. These books contain an account of the brief reigns of Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. The portion of the fifth book which has been preserved contains an interesting, though rather biased account of the character, customs, and religion of the Jewish nation viewed from the standpoint of a cultivated citizen of Rome. Annals The Annals contain the history of the empire from the death of Augustus, in 14, to the death of Nero, in 68, and originally consisted of sixteen books. Of these, only nine have come down to us in a state of entire preservation, and of the other seven we have but fragments of three. Out of a period of fifty-four years, we have the history of about forty. The Style The style of Tacitus is, perhaps, noted principally for its conciseness. Tacitean brevity is proverbial, and many of his sentences are so brief, and leave so much for the student to read between the lines, that in order to be understood and appreciated the author must be read over and over again, lest the reader miss the point of some of his most excellent thoughts. Such an author presents grave, if not insuperable, difficulties to the translator, but notwithstanding this fact, the following pages cannot but impress the reader with the genius of Tacitus. The Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola [This work is supposed by the commentators to have been written before the treatise on the manners of the Germans, in the third consulship of the emperor Nerva, and the second of Verginius Rufus, in the year of Rome 850, and of the Christian era 97. Brotier accedes to this opinion, but the reason which he assigns does not seem to be satisfactory. He observes that Tacitus, in the third section, mentions the emperor Nerva; but as he does not call him Divus Nerva, the deified Nerva, the learned commentator infers that Nerva was still living. This reasoning might have some weight, if we did not read, in section 44, that it was the ardent wish of Agricola that he might live to behold Trajan in the imperial seat. If Nerva was then alive, the wish to see another in his room would have been an awkward compliment to the reigning prince. It is, perhaps, for this reason, that Lipsius thinks this very elegant tract was written at the same time with the Manners of the Germans, in the beginning of the emperor Trajan. The question is not very material  since conjecture alone must decide it. The piece itself is admitted to be a masterpiece in the kind. Tacitus was son-in-law to Agricola; and while filial piety breathes through his work, he never departs from the integrity of his own character. He has left a historical monument highly interesting to every Briton, who wishes to know the manners of his ancestors, and the spirit of liberty that from the earliest time distinguished the natives of Britain. Agricola, as Hume observes, was the general who finally established the dominion of the Romans on this island. He governed  it in the reigns of Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. He carried his victorious arms northward: defeated the Britons in every encounter, pierced into the forests and the mountains of Caledonia, reduced every state to subjection in the southern parts of the island, and chased before him all the men of fiercer and more intractable spirits, who deemed war and death itself less int olerable than servitude under the victors. He defeated them in a decisive action, which they fought under Galgacus; and having fixed a chain of garrisons between the friths of Clyde and Forth, he cut off the ruder and more barren parts of the island, and secured the Roman province from the incursions of the barbarous inhabitants. During these military enterprises, he neglected not the arts of peace. He introduced laws and civility among the Britons; taught them to desire and raise all the conveniences of life; reconciled them to the Roman language and manners; instructed them in letters and science; and employed every expedient to render those chains, which he had forged, both easy and agreeable to them. (Humes Hist. vol. i. p. 9.) In this passage, Mr. Hume has given a summary of the Life of Agricola. It is extended by Tacitus in a style more open than the didactic form of the essay on the German Manners required, but still with the precision, both in sentiment and diction, peculiar to the author. In rich but subdued colors he gives a striking picture of Agricola, leaving to posterity a portion of history which it would be in vain to seek in the dry gazette-style of Suetonius, or on the page of any writer of that period.] Introduction | The Agricola | Translation Footnotes

The impact of social media on public relations practice Research Paper

The impact of social media on public relations practice - Research Paper Example Introduction There has been a significant change in the media landscape during the past couple of decades particularly due to the advent of social media which has singlehandedly revolutionized the concept of communication. The world of media and communications has taken giant strides towards development from its humble beginnings dominated largely by print media and radio broadcasts to the use of state-of-the art technological gadgets such as tablets, iPhones, digital recorders, and web enabled tools such as social networking services including blogs, webcasts, video blogs, YouTube and the likes (Breakenridge, 2008; Busy, 2004). Considering the vast outreach of technology and the unlimited access it offers, the gap between the public and the marketers has narrowed significantly. It would not be a far cry to claim that the generation of this era travels with technology in their pockets, thus enabling the public relations practitioners to smoothly and effectively deliver their messages to the targeted audiences, at a mere click of a button (Hazelton, Harrison-Rexrode, & Keenan, 2007). The revolutionary changes in the field of technology has also completely changed the manner in which the average consumers connect, access, interpret, and use the information made available to them. The change in the social media landscape has triggered off simultaneous changes in the practice of public relations as is evident from the growing amount of literature substantiating the claim. As these fields grow and evolve in response to the changes in the technology, the delivery of strategic information to the public is likely to change as well (Kelleher, 2009; Macnamara, 2010). 1.1. Definitions This section offers definition to key terms used in the paper, which includes – Public relations and Social media. Public Relations: The term ‘public relation’ is defined differently by different authors. In general terms it is used to describe the 'management functions' performed by a group of professionals with a pre-defined outcome in mind. The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (UK) has defined the term as "the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics" (qtd. in Watson & Noble, 2007: 6) Griswold defines public relations as "the management function which evaluates public attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or an organization with the public interest, and plans and executes a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance" (qtd. in Heath & Vasquez, 2001: 192). The Public Relations Society of America (1999) states that "Public relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other" (qtd. in Health & Vasquez, 2001: 192). Social Media: According to Jue, Marr, & Kassotakis (2009: 4) the term social media refers to "the many relatively inexpensive and widely accessible electronic tools that enab le anyone to publish and access information, collaborate on a common effort, or build relationships". 1.2. Key objectives of the study The fundamental objectives underlying this research study are listed below: To identify various social media tools used by public relations practitioners and assess the manner in which such tools are used to manipulate the perceptions of the target consumers To examine and understand the manner in and extent to which the development and introduction of social media tools