The History of the Computer Game Spacewar

The History of the Computer Game Spacewar In the event that I hadnt done it, somebody wouldve accomplished something similarly energizing, if worse, in the following a half year. I coincidentally got there first. - Steve Russell otherwise known as Slug on creating Spacewar. Steve Russell - Inventing of Spacewar It was in 1962 when a youthful software engineer from MIT named Steve Russell, energized with motivation from the compositions of E. E. Doc Smith, drove the teamâ that made the primary famous PC game. Starwar was nearly the principal PC game at any point composed. In any case, there were in any event two far-lesser-known forerunners: OXO (1952) and Tennis for Two (1958). It took the group around 200 worker hours to compose the main adaptation of Spacewar. Russell composed Spacewar on a PDP-1, an early DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) intelligent smaller than normal PC which utilized a cathode-beam tube type show and console input. The PC was given to MIT from DEC, who trusted MITs figure tank would have the option to accomplish something amazing with their item. A PC game called Spacewar was the exact opposite thing DEC expected however they later gave the game as an indicative program for their clients. Russell never benefitted from Spacewars. Depiction The PDP-1s working framework was the first to permit different clients to share the PC all the while. This was ideal for playing Spacewar, which was a two-player game including warring spaceships terminating photon torpedoes. Every player could move a spaceship and score by terminating rockets at his rival while evading the gravitational draw of the sun. Take a stab at playing an imitation of the PC game for yourselves. It despite everything holds today up as an incredible method to squander a couple of hours. By the mid-sixties, when PC time was still over the top expensive, Spacewar could be found on about each exploration PC in the nation. Effect on Nolan Bushnell Russell moved to Stanford University, where he presented PC game programming and Spacewar to a designing understudy named Nolan Bushnell. Bushnell proceeded to compose the primary coin-worked PC arcade game and start Atari Computers. An intriguing sidenote is that Doc Smith, other than being an extraordinary sci-fi author, held a Ph.D. in synthetic designing and was the scientist who made sense of how to get powdered sugar to adhere to doughnuts. Spacewar! was considered in 1961 by Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne Wiitanen. It was first acknowledged on the PDP-1 of every 1962 by Steve Russell, Peter Samson, Dan Edwards and Martin Graetz, along with Alan Kotok, Steve Piner and Robert A. Saunders. Take a stab at playing a copy of the PC game for yourselves. It despite everything holds today up as an incredible method to squander a couple of hours: Spacewar Online - The first 1962 game code runs on PDP-1 emulator in Java.Play Spacewar - The a, s, d, f keys control one of the spaceships. The k, l, ;, keys control the other. The controls are turn one way, turn the other, push, and fire. Steve Russell is a PC researcher who drove the group that imagined Spacewar in 1962, one of the main games at any point composed for the PC. Steve Russell - Other Achievements Steve Russell additionally added to the IBM 704, which was a 1956 redesign of the 701. Steve Russell - Background Steve Russell was taught at Dartmouth College from 1954 to 1958.

Old Wise Men Essay Example for Free

Old Wise Men Essay Do every single elderly person really have shrewdness since they can see their demise not too far off? Insight is an esteemed attribute in our general public today. In both King Lear by William Shakespeare and Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom, the principle characters had the option to obtain shrewdness subsequent to experiencing hardships. Be that as it may, both of these men started their mission as totally various individuals. Morrie consistently accentuated the estimation of family and of adoration, while King Lear saw these characteristics that could be utilized to boot his sense of self. Morrie was frustrated by the status quo in the public arena, while King Lear couldn't have cared less much about it and acknowledged it the manner in which it was. Morrie saw demise as a characteristic thing and a perfect method to live, while King Lear despite everything needed to live as a King notwithstanding giving and partitioning his property between his little girls. Notwithstanding being altogether different character insightful and convictions, both King Lear and Morrie came to accomplish shrewdness by encountering the unavoidable truth; also called demise. Both of these men contrasted in their qualities when it went to the existence idea. Morrie accepted that it was smarter to die than to carry on with an existence without adoration, where he cited â€Å"If you don’t have the help and loveâ and mindful and worry that you get from a family, you don’t have much by any means. Love is so remarkably significant. As our incredible writer Auden spoke â€Å"Love one another or perish†Ã¢â‚¬ (Albom 91). This statement shows Morrie’s perspective on affection and has the feeling that it is smarter to kick the bucket than to carry on with an existence without adoration. In spite of the fact that Morrie grew up with little love in his life, this is the motivation behind why he accentuated the significance of adoration and family to him. Conflictingly, King Lear accepted that family just existed to serve his needs. â€Å"Tell me, my little girls, since now we will strip us both of rule, enthusiasm of region, cares of state which of you will we say doth love us most that we outâ largest abundance may expand where nature doth with merit challenge?† (I.I.47-53). This statement delineates King Lear’s feeling towards family. He set against his little girls against one another for his advantage. His affection was contingent, despite the fact that Cordelia was his known most loved between his little girls he cautioned her. â€Å" How, how, Cordelia? Retouch your discourse a bit, in case you may damage your fortunes.† (I.I.94-95). This statement shows the way that he accepted that affection in a family that is uneven, he should just get love however ought not give any. Unexpectedly, Morrie’s love for this family was unlimited and a two-way road. Be that as it may, Lear understood the estimation of unlimited love when Cordelia returned regardless of in the wake of repudiating and reviling her yet he was past the point of no return. While Morrie took in the estimation of affection through the absence of having it prior o in his life, King Learâ would learn it through the passing of his girl. Both love family and life increasingly in the wake of grappling with the idea of death, and understand the difficulty of their general public. Both King Lear and Morrie Schwartz likewise had alternate points of view on life and society. Ruler Lear acknowledged the positioning of his general public, obviously, since he was the pinnacle of the â€Å"great chain of being†. â€Å"All I ask is that you furnish me with a hundred knights for my own company. I’ll keep just the title of king†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I.I.136-138). This statement portrays King Lear’s perspective on society and that he precedes the remainder of society, denying 100 knights structure society for his advantage. Morrie, then again, was appalled with how his general public was so materialistic. A statement from Tuesdays with Morrie, â€Å"Do you know how they condition individuals? They rehash something again and again. Also, that’s what we do in this nation. Claiming things is acceptable. More cash is acceptable. More property is acceptable. More corporate greed is goodwe rehash it and have it rehashed to us-again and again until no one trouble to try and think other wise† (Albom 124). This statement exhibits the disturb Morrie has with society and how it continually advances realism as opposed to significant qualities, for example, love, which is appeared in this statement â€Å"You know how I generally deciphered that? These individuals were so eager for adoration that they were tolerating substitutes† (Albom 125). This statement shows that Morrie accepts that individuals areâ materialistic due to an absence of adoration inside their lives. Moreover, King Lear understands the confusion of his general public during his hardships. â€Å"Thou scalawag beadle, hold thy grisly hand. Why dost thou lash that prostitute? Strip thine own back Thou fervently lust’st to utilize her in that sort for which thou whipp’st her. The usurer hangs the cozener. (IV.VI.152-57). This shows the two his nauseate of the social traditions of his time and how it favors the rich and frowns upon poor people. Lear laments not being a simply ruler and abusing the destitute individuals since he was excessively voracious. He wailed â€Å"Poor bare scoundrels, whereso’er you are, that await the pelting of this merciless tempest, by what method will your houseless heads and unfed sides, your circled and windowed tattered state, safeguard you from seasons, for example, these? Goodness, I have ta’en too little consideration of this!† (III.IV.30-34). In spite of the fact that Morrie knew about the issues inside his general public and consistently battled against them, Lear just arrived at this resolution and gain this intelligence through these tribulations. Morrie and Lear had repudiating perspectives on death before they procured their intelligence. As a matter of first importance, Lear accepted that he would bite the dust as a lord and even with his mature age he accepted passing was far out there, demonstrated in the statement â€Å"All I ask is that you furnish me with hundred knights for my own escort. I’ll keep just the title of king†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I.I.136-138). Lear didn't trust in getting ready for his passing or bidding farewell to friends and family, as he despite everything needed to live like a lord significantly in the wake of plunging his kingdomâ and riches. In actuality, Morrie accepted that demise ought to be acknowledged throughout everyday life. â€Å"Oh indeed, you strip away all that stuff and you center around the fundamentals. At the point when you understand you are going o pass on, you see everything much differentlyLearn how beyond words, you figure out how to live†(Albom 83). This statement sho ws that Morrie however in the event that more individuals lived as though they were going to bite the dust at any second, at that point the world could be an increasingly positive spot. Morrie was additionally idealistic and thankful for his malady and to what extent he needed to bid farewell to everybody he valued. â€Å"It’s terrible to watch my body shrivel away to nothing. In any case, it’s additionally awesome as a result of constantly I get to sayâ good-bye.† (Albom 57) On the other hand, King Lear was dealing with his mortality. At the point when Gloucester requested to kiss his hand he answered â€Å"Let me wipe it first, it scents of mortality.† (IV.VI.125-126). It shows that Lear discovered his new humbleness and acknowledgment through death. Morrie and Lear both accomplished insight by dealing with their demises. Ruler Lear and Morrie Schwartz are a lot of the same, in spite of the fact that they were totally various individuals before they procured their knowledge. They were both ready to achieve understanding and fulfillment through troublesome hardships and getting mindful of the issues that are in their general public. They have discovered that if more individuals know about death and live regularly as though they were to pass on tomorrow, they would have more fulfillingâ and fulfilling lives. Through getting intelligence they understood the significance of their family, and love. They just varied in regard where Lear is loaded up with lament while Morrie increases a higher thankfulness for it. Passing is something that we as a whole should acknowledge and Lear and Morrie at long last grasp it.

Karl Marx (1871 words) Essay Example For Students

Karl Marx (1871 words) Essay Karl MarxHuman connections have consistently been dynamic. Change and versatility have gonehand close by with the progression of time for human culture. Frameworks have beendeveloped to manage, direct and control the assets of this general public. Thesystems are alluded to as governments and the assets as the people orinhabitants and powers of creation. A legislature must be dynamic in its naturereflecting the adjustment in the public arena. On occasion these frameworks have opposed thenecessity to adjust with its parts (Society) making a shortfall among thesystem and those it directs. As the shortages create, they cause instability,and could prompt revolution.1 Theories have been created to clarify thesystemic marvel Karl Marx was the best scholar and thinker of histime. His view upset the manner by which individuals think. He made anopportunity for the lower class to transcend the nobles and bombed due tothe making of the white collar class. Regardless of this disappointment, he wa s as yet a greatpolitical pioneer and set the premise of Communism in Russia. His life contributedto the manner in which individuals think today, and as a result of him individuals are increasingly open tosuggestion and are faster to make thoughts on policy centered issues. Karl HeinrichMarx was conceived May fifth, 1818 in Trier. In spite of the fact that he had three different kin, allsisters, he was the most loved youngster to his Father, Heinrich. His mom, a DutchJewess named Henrietta Pressburg, had no enthusiasm for Karls scholarly sideduring his life. His dad was a Jewish legal advisor, and before his passing in 1838,converted his family to Christianity to save his activity with the Prussianstate. When Heinrichs mother passed on, he no longer felt he had a commitment tohis religion, in this way helping him in the choice in going to Christianity. Karls adolescence was a glad and cheerful one. His folks had a goodrelationship and it help set Karl the correct way. His ?splendidnatural blessings stirred in his dad the expectation that they would one day be usedin the administration of humankind, while his mom announced him everything would gowell. (An incredible tale, Mehring, page 2). In High school Karl stood outamong the group. When requested to compose a report on How to pick aprofession he adopted an alternate strategy. He took the edge wherein mostinterested him, by saying that there was no real way to pick a calling, butbecause of conditions one is set in an occupation. An individual with aaristocratic foundation is bound to have a higher job in the public eye asapposed to somebody from an a lot less fortunate foundation. While at Bonn at the age ofeighteen he got connected with to Jenny von Westphalen, little girl of the upperclassmenLudwig von Westphalen. She was the beloved companion of Marxs most established sister,So phie. The commitment was a mystery one, which means they got connected with without askingpermission of Jennys guardians. Heinrich Marx was uncomfortable with this yet beforelong the assent was given. Karls school life other than his imprints is obscure. He never talked about his companions as an adolescent, and nobody has ever came to talk ofhim through his life. He left secondary school in August of 1835 to go on to theUniversity of Bonn in the fall of that year to consider law. His dad wantedhim to be a legal advisor much such as himself however when Karls foolish college lifewas disrupting the general flow following a year Heinrich moved him to Berlin. Additionally, hedid not go to most talks, and demonstrated little enthusiasm for what was to belearned. Karls wild ways were not endured at Berlin, a more conservativecollege without the insidious methods for different colleges. While at Berlin,Marx turned out to be a piece of the gathering known as the Yong Hegelians. The gathering wasorganized partially because of the way of thinking instructor Hegel that educated from 1818 tohis passing. The lessons of Hegel molded the manner in which the school thought towards mostthings. The individuals who contemplated Hegel and his goals wer e known as the YoungHegelians. Hegel talked about the turn of events and development of the psyche and ofideas. In spite of the fact that Karl was more youthful than most in the gathering, he was perceived forhis scholarly capacity and turned into the focal point of the gathering. While at BerlinHe came to accept that all the different sciences and ways of thinking werepart of one larger, which, when finished, which would give a genuine andtotal image of the universe and man. (Socialist Manifesto, Marx (FrancisB. Randal), page 15) Marx was a nonbeliever, and accepted that science andphilosophy would demonstrate everything. Along these lines he had no confidence in a divine force of any kind. .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 , .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .postImageUrl , .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 , .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860:hover , .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860:visited , .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860:active { border:0!important; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860:active , .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u24e 9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u24e9c081850d67fffa92d5423e0ca860:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: My Testimony EssayMarx accepted that Hegel more likely than not been a nonbeliever also on account of his strongbelief in the brain. Marxs doctoral theory was contended in 1841. It conveyed thetitle The Difference Between the Philosophies of Nature of Democrtius andEpicurus.(The Making of Marxs Critical Theory, Oakley, page 11) It had todo with the Greek savant Epicurus and how his convictions identified with Marxs ofthat day. This proposition was an early sign of the deduction behind Karl Marx. Quite a bit of his later work and thoughts are apparent in this exposition. He passed his thesisinto the University of Jena since Bonn and Berlin required an oral part to thethesis. The snappiness was likewise an issue in this. He passed it in early April,and got his degree in history and reasoning in April 15, 1841. After graduationhe couldn't look for some kind of employment. This made him accept a position with the Germannewspaper Rheinische Zeitung in mid 1842. Before the year's over, Marx madeeditor-in-boss. A couple of months after that in 1843 on account of his radicalwritings, and his social perspectives, Marx had to step down as supervisor, and soonafter that the paper shut by and large. He wedded Jenny von Westphalen, andwith an individual from the Young Hegelians, Arnold Ruge went to Paris to distribute aradical diary on his convictions. It was clear in his works that he was arevolutionary that upheld analysis of everything in presence. This wasespecially foreseen by the l ow class. The low class were the workingclass of the day. They were poor people and made up most of individuals. Marxwent on to accept that the working class would ascend against the bourgeoisie. At that point in 1844 Marx met a man that would change his life forever.When going toEngland in the wake of doing military help, he meet Marx in Cologne in the workplaces ofthe Rheinische Zeitung. Them two had experienced the German philosophicschool and while abroad they reached similar resolutions however while Marxarrived at a comprehension of the battles and the requests of the age premise ofthe French Revolution, Engles did as such based on English industry. (TheStory of His life, Mehring, page 93) Friedrich Engles was conceived in 1820 in theRhine Province of the Kingdom of Prussia. Like Marx he was raised with theGerman methods of reasoning of Hegel, and like Marx, Engles started to follow the works ofHegel. These equals among Marx and Engles framed a relationship that wouldlast for the remainder of every others lives. The two of them added to each othersworks, and co-composed numerous things. The likeness in foundation between the twoalso implied a comparability in thoughts. The both had confidence in the battle of theproletariat and that it would ascend against the bourgeoisie. Marx isconsiderate to be the more prominent of the two ways of thinking. The one difference was theway in which one tackled issues. Marx would utilize recorded research to illuminate aproblem, as connected Engles who utilized his creative mind and unadulterated psyche to come abouta arrangement. These distinctions in culture and similitudes in beliefscomplemented each other well. This point of view toward society and the class war wasingenious. It was their most noteworthy work together, the socialist statement, whichachieved

The Difference of Warfare between World War 1 and World War 2

World War Warfare was one of the greatest examples of technological advancement and strategic challenge, with the introduction of inventions such as the aircraft and the tank the battlefield transformed from attrition as scene in the early years of the war to decisive by the end of the war. Naval Warfare World War 1 While the naval war is usually known for only little attention in histories of World War I, the Royal Navys blockade of Germany played a dangerous role in the War. The U.S. Navy linking with the Royal Navy played a significant role in overcoming the German U-boats in the North Atlantic. The Germany Navy while technically effective disastrously diminished the German war effort. Germanys building of a High Seas Fleet was one of†¦show more content†¦Afterwards the Japanese strike on Pearl Harbor, the US joined the clash. With them, they brought potentially substantial naval resources, along the great Royal Navy. However, the war in the Pacific relied heavily on US naval attendance which in the aftermath of Pearl Harbor had seen the US fail to keep a number of battleships. So, naval warfare in WW2 had many innovations. The aircraft carrier was the most noteworthy and became the most potent naval assets which the Allies gained an increasing monopoly in. However, submarines were a lso deadly in Europe and the Pacific against merchant and supply ships. The human torpedoes of the Italian Malali were possibly the most innovative, and were also effective enough to influence the Royal Navy to research human torpedoes themselves. Air Warfare World War 1 At the start of World War One bomb aiming was crude in the extreme. The pilot – or co-pilot if the aircraft carried two people – simply dropped a small bomb over the side of the aircraft in the general direction of a target. If a bomb dropped anywhere near a target it was through good luck more than anything else. By the end of the war aircraft that could be recognized as long-range bombers had been developed. Much larger than fighters, and far less maneuverable, their task was very specific – to carry to a target as many bombs as was feasible and to drop them on said target with a degree of accuracy. The Germans had theShow MoreRelatedWar I And World War II1223 Words   |  5 PagesWar has always been a part of human life and the evolution of every country in the world. War could occur within a country or between two or more countries. Yet, some could get caught in a war just because they are allies with the country at war. And there are a variety of reasons w hy a war occurs, such as expanding a country’s power, gaining independence, or political and economic reasons. World War 1 and World War 2 were the most brutal wars in the world. 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The Killing of Candys Old Dog in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men

The Killing of Candys Old Dog in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men George is a small man but has strong features and Lennie is a giant but has a mind of a child. They are the main characters and are two more migrant workers who travel together from place to place because of Lennies stupidity and ability to get attracted to trouble. The main reason for this is he loves to feel soft things, which leads him to trouble and eventually to his death. They have a dream of owning land and settling down, so did millions of other Americans but only a few succeeded. John Steinbeck tried to draw attention to the social situation. At the time of 1920s and 1930s there was 12-15 million out of work, which led to†¦show more content†¦Curleys wife started to get angry as the hair was getting messy and told him to let go but Lennie started to panic as she started to scream louder. As Lennie got confused he put his hand over her mouth and nose. Lennie begged and cried for her not to yell because he thought George wouldnt let him tend no rabbits as he was wa rned by George not to do A bad thing. Lennie then broke her neck without realizing he just killed her. When Lennie found out that he just killed her he ran away to the bush where George told him to go to if he done something bad. Candy found Curleys wife dead and told George first. George told Candy to tell the rest of the ranch guys. Curley was the most furious to find his wife dead and went to kill Lennie with the rest of the ranch guys. Carlson told the ranch people that Lennie stole his lugar but they didnt now it was George. The ranch guys all went to search for Lennie and kill him but George got there first. Lennie was relieved to see George but thought that he would be angry instead he started to talk about their dream of owning land. 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The World Wide Web As A Practitioner s Perspective

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Point Of View In Grendel And Beowulf Essay Example For Students

Point Of View In Grendel And Beowulf Essay Contrasting points of view in Grendeland Beowulf significantly alter the readers perception of religion, good andevil, and the character Grendel. John Gardners book, Grendel, is written infirst person. The book translated by Burton Raffel, Beowulf, is written in thirdperson. Good and evil is one of the main conflicts in the poem Beowulf. Howis Grendel affected by the concepts of good and evil? Grendel is an alienatedindividual who just wants to be a part of something. His desire to fit in causeshim to do evil things. Grendel is fascinated by the Shapers poetry. He oftenreturns to the mead hall to listen to it. One night while he is listening, he hearsthe story of Cain and Abel, including the Danes explanation of Grendel. Hisreaction to this leads to one of his most dramatic emotional reactions: Ibelieved him. Such was the power of the Shapers harp! Stood wriggling myface, letting tears down my nose, grinding my fists into my elbow the corpse ofthe proof that both of us ere cursed, or neither, that the brothers had neverlived, nor the god who judged them. Waaa! I bawled. Oh what aconversion(Gardner 51)! Grendel then cries for mercy from the Danes. Hewants their forgiveness as well as unification with them, which represents thegood in him. The Danes reject him by confusing his outburst of sorrow as anattack. After visiting with a dragon who tells Grendel a fictional version of theShapers tale, Grendel continues to believe the Shapers story. He searchesfor the goodness in human beings, which was mentioned in the story. He eatspeople only because it provides a place for him in society, even if it is anegative position (The Two Faces of Grendel, 2). Good and evil is one of themain conflicts in the poem Beowulf, and ultimately both wipe each other out. Good, is portrayed by God, and evil seems to be what fate has in store for thehero. Beowulf occasionally talks to God and asks God to give him strengthbefore the battle and to give him the valor he needs to overcome his enemy. Evil seems to always get the bad side of things since it always gets conqueredby Gods good side. Even though this is true, evil lives the high life for a longtime. Grendel, Beowulfs first opponent, killed thousands and thousands ofmen before he met his match. Evil comes from the monsters. They attack thegood side by killing innocent men because they are hungry or just want to defythe laws. Good fights back when the evil creations are killed and all is back tonormal. Beowulf is truly good because he helps people when they need it themost and hopes that God is with him even though he doesnt have to doanything to help the people who have an evil creature killing their villagespopulation every night. In Grendel, the main belief is that of existentialism,however, there are also numerous references to Cain throughout the entirebook. The basis for his version of existentialism is the following excerpt fromthe book itself: I understood that the world was nothing: a mechanical chaosof casual, brute enmity on which we stupidly impose our hopes and fears. Iunderstood that, finally and absolutely, I alone exist. All the rest, I saw, ismerely what pushes me, or what I push against, blindlyas blindly as all thatis not myself pushes back. I create the whole universe, blink by blink.Anugly god pitifully dying in a tree (Gardner 22)! One can explain this view ofexistentialism by considering some simple concepts of existentialism. .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .postImageUrl , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:hover , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:visited , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:active { border:0!important; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:active , .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1fae8c3df75731320f2e61867b1c20eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Behavior EssayExistentialists believe that man is forlorn and totally responsible for his acts,and that his choices are important because existence precedes essence. Furthermore, the references to Cain, which represented chaos and thepresence of evil, can be found throughout the book. For example, after Cainkilled his brother, he drinks his blood. This is typically something that Grendeldoes after he kills his victims. Additionally, both Cain and Grendel are viewedas outcasts of society who have to roam in the shadows. They are outsidelooking inside. They are outside threats to the order of society as shown byGrendel with the Danes (Similarities between Grendel and Cain, 1). Thereligious references to Cain, as well as the belief in existentialism are importantaspects in Grendel. In Beowulf, the main belief is that of wyrd, or fate, andsources say that Beowulf is a pagan poem adapted to fit ideals of Christianity. The belief in wyrd is one of the most pervasive pagan elements. TheAnglo-Saxons believed strongly that their lives were predestined and thatpowerful supernatural forces acted upon them. The inevitability of this fate isshown many times throughout the poem. When Beowulf prepares to fightGrendel, he abandons his armor and sword saying, Fate ever goes as itmust. Additionally, although there are Christian overtones, the paganisticpoint of views are expressed anytime they discuss fate and destiny. Forexample, Beowulf makes a remark to Wiglaf that fate has swept their raceaway. But right above that, he tells Wiglaf, I thank our Father in Heaven,Ruler of the Earth-For all of this, that His grace has given me(Gardner109). The epic poem Beowulf contains definite references to Christianity, butit is also full of Pagan symbols such as that of fate. The character Grendel isviewed in a different light in the book Grendel. Grendel is pitiful in Grendel,however, Gardner uses this pity to arouse sym pathy for Grendel by giving himhuman traits and emotions and by using first person. This novel is actuallynarrated by Grendel, which offers understanding of the beasts innermostfeelings, as well as evoking sympathy from the reader. In Grendel, the antiherohas human traits: he walks on two legs and speaks a language similar to theDanes. He also has strong emotions of fear, anger, and sorrow as well asintellect. One may compare Grendel to Lennie in Of Mice and Men. Bothcharacters have a sense of alienation and just want to fit in. The point of viewof the book Grendel allows the reader to see another side of Grendel. InBeowulf, Grendel is viewed as the antagonist and the evil villain. Grendel isboth feared and hated in Beowulf. Upon reading Beowulf, the readerdiscovers Grendel as seen through the eyes of his terrified victims. KingHrothgar, leader of the Danes, fears his visits: The renowned ruler, the princeof long famous, sat empty of joy; strong in might, he suffered, sorrowed for h ismen when they saw the track of the hateful monster, the evil spirit. Hrothgarwould dread the fatal nights when Grendel would dine on human flesh. Theruler understands that Grendel attacks his men out of spite and jealousy (TheTwo Faces of Grendel, 1). In reading Grendel and Beowulf, one can findmany similarities in the way the events occur in the books, however becauseof contrasting points of view, the reader gets insight on the entire picture fromtwo different sides. This allows the reader to better understand each book andits contents, such as their beliefs and the concept of good and evil, andacknowledge the ways the character Grendel can be described. Book Reports

Jewish Bar Kochba Revolt Essays - Bar Kokhba Revolt,

Jewish Bar Kochba Revolt The Jewish revolt led by Bar Kochba in 132 AD was not the work of a single if a single radical revolutionary. It was the inevitable result of years of promises not kept to the Jews, and laws which suppressed the basis of Jews as a nation. To underezd the reason for Bar Kochba's Revolt one must go back many years even before the war. Prior to Hadrian, an emperor by the name of Trajan was the ruler of the Roman empire. Due to the rebellion of the Jews in the Diaspora to the east and the west of them, Trajan, in order to keep the Jews in Palestine from rebelling he had to send a great general to be governor of the Jews in Palestine, a general who was well with the harshness in which he treated people. This general's name was Tineius Rufus, he was the general that put down the uprising of the Jews in Parthia. Because of Rufus' reputation of his severity to the Jews, he uprooted any thought of the Jews in Palestine to rebel against Rome at that time. The Jews did not want to rebel anyway. Trajan had promised the Jews that he would rebuild the asenv ,hc, the Jews assumed this also meant to rebuild Jerusalem. The Pagans in Palestine did not want the asenv ,hc to be rebuilt, they thought that if it was rebuilt it would be the rebirth of the Jewish nation. Also, in addition, Trajan, the Emperor who made this promise died and was succeeded by Hadrian. The Jews were unsure if Hadrian would keep the promise that Trajan once made. Hadrian wanted to go to Jerusalem to see what he was rebuilding before he started the construction. When Hadrian got there he was awed by the sight of a once desolate and fruitful city in ruins. He immediately wanted to start the reconstruction. However later the Jews were surprised and disappointed to discover that Hadrian wanted to rebuild Jerusalem not as a city for the Jews to restart in, but as a Pagan city sanctified to the Pagan G-d Jupiter. He was going to put an alter where the Jews asenv ,hc once stood. Hadrian was to be the high priest. What once was called Jerusalem would now be called Aelia Capitolina. This was a mockery to the Jews. The Jews waited sixty years from the destruction of the Second asenv ,hc for Rome to restore it to them. The Jews held themselves back from Rebelling with their neighboring Jews in Diaspora because they held onto, and believed that Trajan's promise would be kept. Furthermore, Hadrian later made a prohibition of circumcision. "Consequently the Jews saw in Hadrian another Antiochus Epiphanes. And where there was an Antiochus, a Maccabee was bound to arise." THE JEWS HAD TO REVOLT. The Romans had by now either banned or mocked some of the most important beliefs in Judaism. If they did not revolt against the Romans they would have died, in a spiritual sense. Even if the Romans didn't kill them, they would not really be Jewish anymore. Circumcision, which was the physical difference between them as Jews and, as well as a basic premise of their Jewish beliefs. Their only choice was to gain their independence. Rabbi Akiva, a great scholar of his day, also once believed in Tarsus' promise. He had also been led astray. Therefore, the great Rabbi helped organize thousands of soldiers to fight for the independence and welfare of the Jewish people. Rabbi Akiva also picked a man named Shimon Bar Kochba to lead his army. Rabbi Akiva was sure that Bar Kochba would turn out to be "A second Judah the Maccabee." Rabbi Akiva was so sure of this that he called Bar Kochba the jhan. His name alone was a reference to him being the jhan, his name Bar Kochba means "Son of a Star" from the word Kochab which means star. There was also a sentence in the Torah which stated, "A star has come forth from David." Both times a star is mentioned. This is a direct referral to him being the jhan. Bar Kochba had to make sure his army was ferocious

Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Example

Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Example Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Essay Topic: In the Us Letters From an american Farmer The Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929, marking the beginning of a decade filled with high unemployment, poverty and a loss of confidence in the economy. Industries and firms suffered greatly particularly in the agriculture, manufacturing and automobile sectors. The governments of the time led by Republican Herbert Hoover (1929-1932) and Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt (1933-1945) were critiqued heavily by society on how they responded to the depression. Their methods of intervention have attracted a number of views over the years in how effective they were in ending the depression. Hoover was seen as following a somewhat laissez-faireâ„ ¢ attitude when it came to the depression, highlighted in his limited attempts to halt this downward economic spiral. On the other hand, Roosevelt took immediate steps in trying to end the depression has soon as he came into office. When the depression began in 1929, Hoover was positive that the natural economic market forces would fix this downward spiral, therefore minimal government interference was required. He held the idea that the spiritual resources of the American peopleâ„ ¢ were linked to a free market and economic prosperity. He believed that relief measures were strictly for the local authorities and that private charities should take care of the needy and unemployed. He continued to take this position in 1931, where he believed that America had reached a turning point in the depression. He maintained his policy of a balanced budget and minimal government intervention. However, despite his stance, it was clear that Hoover could no longer remain inactive and turn a blind eye to the massive problems that were facing the USA. He indeed made many attempts to combat the depression, more than any president had done before. The problem was that no previous president had faced a depression of this magnitu de. Hooverâ„ ¢s administration set up a Farm Board to help keep the prices of farm produce steady. This would be done through buying surplus farm products at the commercial rate. However by 1932, the Farm Board had spent its budget of $500 million and grain prices fell again. This initiative had a substantial impact on the agricultural sector, and reflected highly on the governmentâ„ ¢s attempt at intervention. Hoover had made two mistakes with the Farm Board which led to its failure. He did not give them a big enough budget and he did not introduce laws to cut surpluses by reducing production. His efforts to persuade farmers to reduce production voluntarily also went unheard. Later on, President Roosevelt avoided making the same mistakes in 1933 when he tackled the problem of poverty amongst farmers. Tariffs were also increased as part of Hooverâ„ ¢s attempt to halt the depression. The Hawley Smoot Act was passed in 1930 which tariffs by 50% on 1000 farm products and manufactures goods that were imported from foreign countries. However this intervention also had a negative impact on halting the depression as countries retaliated by raising tariffs on American goods entering their country. This only decreased the level of trade in the USA and contributed to the downward economic spiral, thus having a disastrous impact for Hoover. Roosevelt later learned from this mistake and signed the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act in 1934 to gradually reduce tariffs. The next attempt that Hoover made to halt the depression was by promoting voluntarism among the American people. He encouraged firms and industries to adopt his policy of voluntary non-coerciveâ„ ¢ cooperation in an attempt to keep wages and production steady. This was not effective however in stopping high unemployment and l ower wages. Hooverâ„ ¢s most ambitious measure came in 1932 when he signed a bill which created the Emergency Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). This would authorise massive loans to insurance companies, railroad companies and banks allowing them to promote investment in the hope that this would fuel industrial recovery. The RFC was granted $500 million with the option of borrowing an additional $1.5 billion. Historian Fiona Venn highlight some of the problems with the RFC and how it had some negative impacts on America. She says that individual businesses were too worried by long-term business prospects that they were not interested in borrowing. She also says that these loans were aimed at restoring confidence in the whole economy rather than meeting the needs of the most vulnerable in it. Despite all of these attempts to halt the depression, none of them succeeded in getting the job. Hooverâ„ ¢s administration always fell short and their measures had a limited impact. Hoover failed to understand the magnitude of the problems and was not effective in coming up with ideas that would be capable of dealing with them. While Hoover was by no means unresponsive to the depression, he did lack the ability to properly combat the problems. He did not lack compassion or humanity as many people like to believe. Rather, his commitment to the Republican ideals of a balanced budget and free market economy, combined with his faith in voluntarism, override his capacity to remove American from the depression. Historians acknowledge that Hooverâ„ ¢s efforts to halt the depression were inadequate and absolutely useless in the face of unprecedented problems which were beyond his capabilities. Most American voters blamed Hoover and the Republicans for the depression. It was little surprise then that Democrat Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) won the 1932 presidential election in a landslide victory. FDR was a much more flexible and positive leader who was inclined to take action straight away on the problems that faced him. Many have praised Roosevelt as one of Americaâ„ ¢s greatest presidents. The quality of his success lied not so much in his political experience but in his personality. He was optimistic, intelligent, strong-willed and confident with a political awareness of the issues that were around him. FDR knew that action had to be taken right away to combat the depression, and this can be seen in the many interventions that he took in his first days of office. He achieved so much in his first 100 days as president that there is now a benchmark set for all future leaders to see if they can reach his success. While his measures did not eradicate the problems, they did hav e a huge positive impact in relieving economic hardship and attempting to lift the United States out of the depression. The economic situation had deteriorated even further by the time that Rooseveltâ„ ¢s inauguration had arrived in March 1933. FDR needed to act quickly in order to lift the public out of despair and address the many problems that were facing the nation. Historian Anthony Badger wrote that Roosevelt lifted the paralysing fear that had settled on the country the first modern American president who could carry his message directly to the people.â„ ¢ FDR came into office pledging a new deal for the American people.â„ ¢ This led to an unprecedented level of activity in his famous first 100 days, which was aimed to lift the USA out of the depression. Roosevelt invited a group of able and confident lawyers and businessman to generate many ideas and create enthusiasm about combating the depression. This group was known as the Brain Trust. With the help of these men as well as his administration, Roosevelt launched a program of emergency measures to tackle the depression, which would later become known at the 100 Days.â„ ¢ The 100 days program had three main aims: to stop people from starving and descending into poverty; to revive the American economy; and to reform the USA as a great country. The First New Deal is another name for the series of economic programs and legislation put into place to tackle the depression. The aim of this was to save American capitalism and this was done through a variety of measures. In March 1933, Roosevelt declared a four day bank holiday in response to all of the banks which had been forced out of business. The meant that the government closed all of the national banks and prevented people from withdrawing their savings. After carrying our detailed enquiries, the government allowed some of the banks which were considered honest to be re-opened. They also gave them loans to continue operating. These reforms had a significant impact in moving America forward and beating the depression as it restored the publicâ„ ¢s faith in the banking system. Another measure from FDR was reducing the value of the American dollar by 40%, in the hope that it would make American products cheaper for foreigners to buy and thus increase export sales, which wo uld boom the economy. FDR also set up the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), which would provide $500 million to help the states pay for emergency schemes such as soup kitchens for the homeless. This was an effective step to tacking the depression as it occupied 4 million people by the winter of 1933. At the same time the problems facing farmers and the average homeowner were deteriorating. A quarter of the farmers had lost their land and thousands of householders had lost their homes. This was because they were not able to make the repayments on their mortgage. To try and fix this issue, Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass two new government bodies which would help these groups. The Farms Credit Administration (FCA) made loans to 20% of farmers, while the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) made loans to over a million householders to prevent them from losing their property. This initiative was actually quite effective as it took much of the pressure off the banks. Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in an attempt to increase the incomes of farmers. This was another intervention measure that had significant impacts, particularly on the agriculture industry. It was to be done by the government paying farmers to destroy existing crops and to cut back on future production so that prices would increase for farmers and they could use the extra cash to buy manufactured goods. Whilst many farmers did receive extra income from this initiative, the cost of manufactured goods was rising, defeating the whole purpose of the plan. Some farmers were even left worse off after the AAA was passed because the owners of the land evicted them in order to claim subsidies. On the other hand, farmers who owned their land benefited greatly from the AAA. Another important government intervention was the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which was a relief measure developed to improve land conservation. This was one of the major aims of the New Deal. The CCC enlisted men between the ages of 18-25 whose parents were unemployed, who would do jobs such as planting trees, building reservoirs and clearing beaches. The men were quite happy to do this as they were provided with food and clothing as well as a wage of $30 a month. Some people criticised the CCC however as being a cheap labour scheme, yet joining was not compulsory and there was never a shortage of volunteers. Despite all of these initiatives, unemployment was still high and industrial production relatively low. However, the government was seen to be doing something about the depression and this gave the public confidence in their leaders. FDR encouraged this feeling with his radio broadcasts and explained his policies to the American people in simply, friendly language. He also encouraged the public to write to him about their problems and received up to 800 letters a day. Roosevelt was definitely a peopleâ„ ¢s president and one of the most popular leaders of his time. The alphabet agencies that were created was another effective scheme by FDR which were aimed at organising millions of people into jobs. It began with the 100 days and involved various legislation aimed at relief, reform and recovery.â„ ¢ One of these organisations was the National Recovery Administration (NRA) which aimed to persuade industries to introduce codes of fair practice which would maintain wages and prices above a certain level. Employers were encouraged to improve working conditions by providing a minimum wage and abolishing child labour. In return, businesses would be promoted favourbly to consumers. Roosevelt tried to build up enthusiasm for the NRA through large advertising campaigns. While these seemed to be working at first, there were still many difficulties. Some employers broke the codes of employment and small businesses found it hard to make a profit. Despite the various actions that Roosevelt took and his efforts with the New Deal, there was still many problems and much criticism. As the New Deal progressed, it became obvious that relief and recovery measures were inadequate to meet the enormous needs of US society. The American economy was in a state of collapse. There was still the huge issue of unemployment even with the significant amounts of public spending and hectic legislation in 1933. The New Deal modified American capitalism by providing for an increased government role in the supervision and regulation of the economy. Yet, even after the effects of the New Deal had been seen, American remained one of the most backward industrial nations of the world. In his election promise of 1932, Roosevelt had promised to balance the budget. By 1934 his conservative opponents were criticising him for spending too much, encouraging the growth of trade unions and regulating working hours and pay. Important businessman set up the Ameri can Liberty League against Roosevelt. All of these criticisms lead to the more radical Second New Deal. The Second New Deal came as a result of Roosevelt feeling the pressure ahead of the upcoming 1936 election. At the start of 1935, 11 million people were still out of work and industrial relations had deteriorated even further. FDR introduced social welfare to provide relief to those who were struggling. The Social Security Act 1935 was the first attempt to provide welfare to the poorer people of America. It introduced old age pensions for those over 65, as well as unemployment insurance and disability allowances. It was intended that the unemployment insurance would be provided by the individual states, with aid from the federal government. However so many people applied for this benefit that many areas tried to avoid paying the welfare. This was a backwards step for social security in America. Many people, especially Hoover and the conservatives, disapproved of social security as they thought it encouraged people to be lazy. Others considered the pension to be insufficient for old p eople to live on. However FDR considered social welfare to be one of the most important parts of the New Deal. Overall, whilst many people are divided about the effectiveness of Hoover and FDR in halting the depression, it cannot be said that they didnâ„ ¢t make any attempts to solve the problems. Hooverâ„ ¢s ideas had a little impact in halting the depression, with FDRâ„ ¢s having a rather huge impact in helping the USA.

Managing the Personal Selling Function Assignment

Managing the Personal Selling Function - Assignment Example Marketing communication is a fundamental tool in any company that needs to satisfy their customer’s needs. It includes, advertising, packaging, personal selling and many more. In addition, marketing communication outlines the marketing communication concepts that include the positioning of a brand, the marketing message and how a company wants the consumers to view their brand. Â  Personal selling is a promotional method where a salesperson uses skills and techniques to build relationships with potential clients. This promotional method occurs through face-to-face meeting or through communication via the telephone that allows information to be conveyed. Personal selling involves finding new prospects where a sales person makes direct contact. A sales person needs to prepare adequately to meet a prospect buyer. In addition, they need to present their product in a manner that shows that they best understand their products. This is because, the clients might ask questions about the products, and the sales person should be able to address the clients concerns. Sales persons should be able to deal with obstacles put in their way by their clients. It is important to close a sale and this depends on the knowledge and skills of the sales person on how to close a deal. The sale persons should be strategic in convincing customers to buy a product (Hutt & Speh, 2007). Â  The sales management function is to facilitate activities that are involved in the movement of goods from the supplier to the customer.

Oil Discovery and its effect on democratic growth in Ghana Essay

Oil Discovery and its effect on democratic growth in Ghana - Essay Example Over the last decade, oil explorations in the Atlantic Ocean off to the coast of Western and Southern Africa have ushered the region of Sub-Saharan Africa into an oil boom. There was a rapid incursion of multinational oil companies from around the world seeking to exploit these untouched oil reserves (Jerome 9). This oil boom has given Sub-Saharan countries such as Nigeria, Angola and Sudan great opportunity to turn their situations upside down and steer their country towards a better future. However, in the midst of this great opportunity rest numerous pathologies such as high level of corruption, high risks of civil war, low prevalence of democracy, high poverty rates and poor economic growth (Jerome 9). Thus, the ensuing years of the oil boom was marked by a drastic realization for these countries. When Ghana gained its independence in 1957 from the British, it had one of the strongest economies in Africa. However, years after it gained its independence, numerous domestic problems have caused the economy to drop and further decline till the year 1980. For more than 15 years, Ghana was able to slowly recover through economic reforms and Ghana is now considered as one of the Africa’s brightest prospects. However, what made Ghana attain such status quo is the recent oil discovery in offshore Tan/West Cape three Points Basin in the Western Region of Ghana. Oil companies who led the explorations were Kosmos Energy of US and Tullow Oil of UK under the supervision of Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC). In an instant, Ghana joined the ranks of its fellow African countries who are also producing oil and it is also expected that for the next two decades, billions of pounds and dollars are expected to pour in Ghana (Lerrick 7). Unfortunately, the excitement did not last long for the people. Once the jubilation was over, people begin to wonder whether it is really oil that their economy needs in order to achieve its goal. Ghanaian

How to Read Literature Study Questions Essay Example for Free

How to Read Literature Study Questions Essay How to Read Literature Like a Professor Summer Reading Questions 1. A Faustian bargain is more commonly known as a deal with the devil. In a Faustian bargain the protagonist is often offered something that he or she wants, but with a price: he or she must give up his or her soul. It appears constantly in literature in many different forms. Faustian bargains are present throughout One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest because of all the bets McMurphy makes. He goes into the ward knowing about the big Nurse’s power, and basically convinces the patients to follow him in her overthrow. Their price, however, is the risk of being sent to the Disturbed Ward and receiving electro shock treatment or even a lobotomy. In this way, McMurphy can be seen as a satanic figure, who convinces confused and scared patients to bargain what is left of their sanity to take over a Nurse who has ten times more control over their fate. 2. The grammar of literature is what Foster describes as the reader knowing the structure and rules of literature. He says they are a â€Å"set of conventions and patterns, codes and rules† that each reader learns and utilizes as they are reading. They recognize the structure of a paragraph and a sentence and know how to interpret what is on the page in front of them. The reader learns over time this grammar of literature, and he or she develops his or her own way to read and interpret a text. Readers learn the structure of an essay and thus can anticipate with each sentence what is coming next; it is so ingrained in their heads that it comes naturally. We know that a paragraph introduces a topic, gives examples, and then relates those examples back to the initial topic. In this way, the reader has developed a grammar of literature and reading. 3. Professors use symbols and patterns in a multitude of ways in order to interpret a text. Professors of literature, given their extensive memory and knowledge of literature itself, are bound to recognize the patterns and symbols in nearly every text and relate it to another. They read and think symbolically, meaning they recognize everything as a symbol or something of importance until they realize it’s not employed as a symbol. They constantly question everything in a text in order to find the deeper meaning. They see things as they actually exist, but then also look at the same thing to represent something more substantial. Professors are also more adapted to recognize patterns in literature, meaning they see within the detail the patterns it reveals. They are able to look beyond the actual story with the plot and the characters and see the patterns the author has implemented. They are able to recognize which elements are actually substantial enough to aid the work and the plot, and which ones are just detail. Their ability to distance themselves from the work is what makes them able to recognize the symbols and patterns that a regular reader may not recognize in a work. 4. There are five characteristics to a quest. First, there must be a quester. Next, that quester must have a place to go. Third, he or she must have a stated reason to go there. Fourth, there must be challenges and trials during the journey. Lastly, there must be a real reason to go to the place. Usually, the quester doesn’t know it is an actual â€Å"quest†. The real reason for the quest is the most important, and usually has nothing to do with the actual, stated reason. 5. The usual reason behind a quest is self-knowledge. Quests are often educational and provide the quester with a learning experience that aids their self-discovery. The reason for the quester’s youth and immaturity often has something to do with why they are on a quest, and what they end up learning. The only subject that truly matters on a quest is himself or herself. 6. Our questers: McMurphy, Doctor Spivey, and the twelve patients that join them. A place to go: The patients all leave the hospital for a lake to go on a fishing trip. A stated reason to go there: McMurphy wants to teach the boys how to fish and spend some time outdoors. Challenges and trials: The patients first face trouble when they don’t have a signed release form to be allowed to go on the boat, so the captain refuses to take them. McMurphy then takes the captain back to his office to make some phone calls to sort out the problem. While this happens, the other dock boys start heckling Candy, and the patients, not used to seeing others outside of the hospital, don’t stick up for her and defend themselves. They are not used to having enough confidence to stand up for themselves, since they have never had to, and McMurphy is the only one with enough confidence to yell at the dock boys. Next, the men struggle on the boat when trying to catch fish. None of them know how to reel in a line, and McMurphy is too busy with Candy to help them. So, they have to learn for themselves how to catch the fish and wrestle it on their own. The real reason to go: the fishing trip marks an important change in all of the patients. They come back even more bonded together than they were before, and full of confidence and personality. They come back and are confident enough to yell back at the dock boys, and even start sharing real, hearty laughs. It teaches all of them that if you try hard enough, you will get what you want. It also made them less afraid of the real world, and made them appreciate what was on the outside. 7. In the real world, breaking bread together is an act of sharing and peace, since if you’re breaking bread you’re not breaking heads†. 8. A meal scene is almost always symbolic because they are so difficult and boring to write. If a writer puts in a detailed meal scene, it must have some symbolic value since meals are almost never of real importance in a story. The writer must have a pretty good reason to include one in his or her story. The meal scene often has to deal with the relationships, good or bad, between characters, and often offer a turning point or pivotal change in the story during said meal. The typical meal scene is so mundane that for it to be included in a story and take up a lot of writing, it definitely has to have symbolic value. 9. According to Foster, eating in literature may represent a number of things. Firstly, it can represent communion, coming together, and getting along. A meal scene is written to show how characters are getting along or not getting along. It also can be used to form a bond, to find something in common between one character and another. It is a moment and a form of trust. Meal scenes that go wrong are also written for a purpose. Comradeship† at the table is important to convey in a meal scene, whether it is good or bad. The meal scene is vital in portraying the communion of life. 10. A positive communion scene occurs in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest on the last night McMurphy is in the ward. They bring in some wine and open up the drug closet, and have a good time in the ward with no one on duty. It has symbolic meaning becau se it is one of the few times the patients have an actual fun time together, they bond and realize that life is too short to not have fun. They enjoy being free of stress and restraints and for once feel like real people again. 11. A negative communion happens in Beloved when Paul D comes to visit 124. He comes and visits Sethe and Denver, both of whom he hasn’t seen in many years and wishes to reconnect with them. However, Paul D’s presence makes Denver uncomfortable and left out. Sethe and Paul D sit down for a meal, and Denver feels alienated. No one comes to their house often, and when someone she doesn’t know comes in who takes her mother’s attention away from her, she is clearly angered. On top of that, Beloved decides to frighten them even more. She suddenly shakes the house to the point where everyone has to duck and cover, and frightens Paul D. She decides to make the communion negative and show symbolically her disgust and hatred for unwelcome men. 12. There are a couple essentials to a vampire story. First, there is an older figure (typically the â€Å"vampire†) that is alluring, dangerous, and representing corrupt values. This older figure then focuses on young, beautiful, innocent women, who are often virginal. This vampire then strips away her youth, her innocence, and corrupts her. When he gets her, he himself grows younger and even more alive than before. His energy is renewed and his life continues, while hers is sucked away as she becomes more like him. Since he has taken her virtue, her death and or destruction become inevitable. And most times, the motive often has to do with sex. 13. There are a lot of things other than literal vampirism that vampires and ghosts represent in literature. They can represent selfishness, exploitation, and refusal to respect autonomy. The ghost of Hamlet’s father is there to point out a problem, rather than just be a fright. Edward Hyde represents the dark side of every man. Vampires and ghosts don’t even have to be literal to represent something. They don’t have to appear in visible forms to be considered a vampire or ghost. They are put in a story to scare, haunt, and frighten people, but also to point out problems, teach a lesson, and protect a character. In Beloved, the ghost of Sethe’s murdered daughter embodies the spirit of Beloved as if she were alive. She haunts Sethe’s home and serves as a reminder of what she did. She can be seen as allegorical, as she represents the past haunting the present as a lesson and reminder of the crime Sethe committed. The relationship between Beloved and Sethe is complicated and often an unhappy one. Beloved’s presence is often destructive to Sethe, Denver, and their home. She creates instability in their household as well as within both women of the house. Though she is dead, she is ever-present, and helps develop the characters of Sethe, Denver, and Paul D. She represents pain and misfortune, but also guidance and hope. 14. Paul Berlin, the protagonist in Going After Cacciato, embodies an author’s â€Å"creative process† in many ways. His story is compiled from many other stories, meaning that all the stories ever written all stem from one story.

Montag as Hero in Fahrenheit 451 Essay -- Fahrenheit 451 Essays Papers

Montag as Hero in Fahrenheit 451 Â   Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 was first published in 1933, and its story entails a futuristic world in the middle of a nuclear war. The totalitarian government of this future forbids its people from reading or taking a part in other acts that involve individual thinking. The law against reading is, presumably, fairly new, and the government is faced with the enormous task of destroying all of its citizens' books. This disposal of books is the profession of the main character, Guy Montag, who is officially titled a "fireman." He and his crew raid libraries and homes, burning any books they find before dozens of overjoyed onlookers. Throughout the beginning of the novel, Montag appears to be a ruthless, detestable human being. Surprisingly, however, it is Montag who emerges as the protagonist at the end. Montag is a dynamic character; he is constantly learning, changing, and keeping the reader interested. Ray Bradbury is able to incorporate careful details and ideas which change the re ader's opinion of Montag and allow him to become the hero of the story. As Fahrenheit 451 begins, Guy Montag is burning the books of a house, and is thoroughly enjoying his feast of flames. Bradbury places several subtle metaphors in this section that cause the reader to equate Montag with a detestable, serpent-like human being. As Montag stood "with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head. . ." (19). Montag even takes on the appearance of a monster in the line, ". . . and his eyes all orange flame with the thought of what came next. . ." (19). It is difficult to understand why Montag loves burning so much, and the fact that he receives so much pleasur... ... story progresses, Montag completely turns his belief system around and becomes an advocate for the salvation of books. He is cast out of his own job and home, but at the last moment his decision saves him from certain destruction by a nuclear bomb. Montag becomes a hero, one of the last few remaining with the power of literature contained in their minds. Fahrenheit 451 shows that a character's personality may have many more facets than are first visible. Bradbury is able to refract the crystal of Montag's character, so that it reflects into each reader's heart a different aspect of humanity. Once Montag becomes more human, Bradbury makes it nearly impossible for the reader to hold grudges about his past. Using this as a tool, Montag, the first apparent antagonist of the story, overcomes the government, which is the real antagonist, and emerges as the hero. Â  

Reactivity series for common metals experiment Essay

Aim To see if a common metal is reactive or strong enough to replace/push out/displace another common metal from its liquid compound. Hypothesis My prediction will be: the most reactive metal shown by the reactivity series will show if the metal can displace or not the metal in the compound. For example my hypothesis in a reaction of Mg and Pb is that; Mg being a more reactive metal in the reactivity series will displace Pb, a least reactive metal in the series. Equipment 1. A chart with spaces big enough to proceed with the reaction. With the names of each different metals. For obvious reasons put an x from the top left corner to the inferior left corner. 2. A glass bigger than the chart for the paper for protection of it. 3. Each solid metal and metal compound for the reaction: Solid Metals: Magnesium (4), Copper(4), Iron(4), Zinc(4), Lead(4). Liquid Metal Compounds: Copper Sulphate, Iron Chloride, Magnesium Sulphate, Zinc Nitrate, Lead Nitrate. 4. A teat pipette. 5. Another table, but smaller, to record data. Procedure/Method 1. Get all required elements you are going to need, this elements are listed above. 2. Put the glass on top of the table of reactions. 3. Clean all metals, until they are shiny and clean. 4. Place 4 times the same metal on its corresponding column and different square; for all the metals(5). 5. Add carefully with the teat pipette one or two drops of the metal compound indicated directly onto the solid metal. 6. Observe for changes, take into account that if the texture or color are altered, it means that there has been displacement, reaction. 7. Write your observations. 8. Results should be written in a neat table, as tick if there was reaction, X if there was none and ? If not sure. 9. Analyze and conclude from your data. Data Analysis From the table above, we can conclude that the most reactive metal is Magnesium (Mg), since it reacts with all the metal compounds except itself (Magnesium Sulphate). Then will come Zinc (Zn) , reacting with 2 Metal Compounds. Iron(Fe) will be less reactive than Zn and reacting with only 1 Metal Compound. Finally the least reactive Solid Metal will be Copper and Lead, reacting with none metal compounds. Conclusion 1. Write down the order of reactivity you found: Based on the graphic above; the reactivity order i found: 3. Suggest why some squares were marked with an X on the grid. The diagonal squares in the grid from top left hand corner to lower right hand corner were marked with an X because it is pretty obvious that a metal can not displace the same metal on the compound; because it has the same reactivity and atoms on the last shell in the atom. So for example, Copper will not displace Copper on the compound: â€Å"Copper Sulphate†. 4. Referring to your text book. Is there any metal that does not seem to be behaving as its position says it should? Can you find any reasons for this? Well referring to the reaction series there are some metals i found which do not fit in the reaction series, this are Copper and Lead; well copper and lead should not be tied, the reactivity series show that Lead is more reactive than copper, and by this it should be first in the reactivity order. i think there are 2 possible ways to explain why this happens: Since the results we did were not very accurate and Lead and Copper are very close in the reactivity series, maybe we did not noticed the reaction of Lead or Copper, or maybe there wasn’t in neither of them, well it is very possible that the reaction of them was not too noticeable to see the difference between them, but even though there was. The other possible way, could be that the metals weren’t very clean before we tested them, and so this could have altered and prevented a reaction in Lead. Evaluation In general we did a great effort with my teammate in the lab, we applied exactly two drops of the metal compound to the metal solid, tried every metal to be clean , but unfortunately we needed machinery to polish every single metal but we did not had it, we just had to do our best at trying to polish them. Another problem we did had, was to handle the spaces and the arrangement of the metals within their boxes in the lab; well we applied a small square to each experiment, we frequently had the metal compound spreading into other boxes, damaging the fair results of the other experiments. One solution could be to apply bigger spaces and arrange each metal at the center of its box.

Women s Process Of Self Discovery - 1295 Words

She also states that transgender people are adding a new perspective to the narrative of gender that is why â€Å"non-transgender people, from religious conservatives to anti-trans feminists, may see transsexual identities as a threat to their own sense of identity† (Ladin, 2015). I imagine Ladin had in mind Germaine Greer, a renowned feminist when she wrote her article, Greer stated that â€Å"a post-operative transgender woman ‘can’t be a woman’† (Saul, 2015). Nevertheless, comments of this kind challenge us to explore if the constructed definition of what it is to be a woman, or a man, is more relevant than being human. It also gives society an opportunity to reframe our questions to create more inclusive, compassionate and non-judgmental†¦show more content†¦Here, Butler proposes a broader look to gender; perhaps, the act of â€Å"becoming† has no end. That radical way of looking at gender expression is profoundly liberating, because then, we can contemplate the idea of becoming many things without having to name it. Femininity, at its core, is constructed through patriarchal ideas and society place femininity at a lower level of importance than man. Therefore, the redefinition of gender expression is far more than necessary to reconstruct how we want to be seen. The transgender women’s narrative is about recognition, a claim to be seen and heard. I see in their stories characteristics that I recognize in me or tha t I aspire to be: courage, resilience, curiosity, possibilities, beauty, depth, and respect for themselves; in the midst of struggle, pain, fear, and confusion. Janet Mock writes, â€Å"Self-definition and self-determination is about the many varied decisions that we make to compose and journey toward ourselves, about the audacity and strength to proclaim, create, and evolve into who we know ourselves to be† (p.172). The increasing participation of transgender women in social and mass media communications has the potential to help all of us to reconnect with our internal voice. When we see transgender women, fiercely, not conforming with their imposed identity, and managing to accept their own womanhood, they bring us all an opportunity to